作一名改革宗安立甘意味着什么？

𝗪𝗛𝗔𝗧 𝗗𝗢𝗘𝗦 𝗜𝗧 𝗠𝗘𝗔𝗡 𝗧𝗢 𝗕𝗘

𝗔 𝗥𝗘𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗘𝗗 𝗔𝗡𝗚𝗟𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗡?

作者：Wilston Trin

编辑：何奇伟

编者前言：原初建立的安立甘宗（圣公会，Anglicanism）就是改革宗（Reformed）信仰的、加尔文主义的（Calvinist），除了在教会治理上保留了主教制、在敬拜和礼仪上保留了大量中世纪公教会的传统以外。安立甘宗（圣公会）在神学上与改革宗是相同的。“不要把神学范畴和宗派范畴混为一谈”……就算我们要区分加尔文主义（Calvinism）与改革宗（Reformed）这两个概念，我们也同样可以说：原初建立的安立甘主义（即安立甘宗，Anglicanism）在神学倾向上是加尔文主义的（Calvinist），在教义认信上属于改革宗（Reformed）神学。推荐：英格兰宗教改革的改革宗面貌

正文：

After the separation of the English church from the jurisdiction of the Pope in Rome in the 16th century, the church in England established herself as a separate denomination called the Church of England (CofE). During this period of history, if you were a part of this national church, you are automatically known to be part of a Reformed church, just as any other Continental Reformed churches in western Europe of that period. In fact, as part of coronation vow of the English monarch as the Supreme Governor of the Church of England from 1689 onwards, the CofE is described as ‘the Protestant Reformed Religion’ (𝘎𝘳𝘢𝘦𝘮𝘦 𝘞𝘢𝘵𝘵, “𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘊𝘰𝘳𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘖𝘢𝘵𝘩,” 𝘌𝘤𝘤𝘭𝘦𝘴𝘪𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭 𝘓𝘢𝘸 𝘑𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘯𝘢𝘭, 19 (2017), 𝘱𝘨. 325).

However, in the 19th century, during the rise of the Oxford/Tractarian Movement in the CofE, their revisionist theology and practices had made more and more Anglicans not to identify themselves as Protestants, let alone Reformed. This made the historic identity of Anglicanism as a Reformed entity muddied and obscured. Even those who identify themselves as ‘reformed’ today are in no way using that term as it was historically used in the 16th century. An Anglo-Catholic may not have any problem identifying themselves as ‘Reformed’, but when you press them on what they mean by ‘Reformed’, it is no more than not being under the jurisdiction of the Pope—nothing more, nothing less; regardless of the other papist theology and practices that they believe. Or try asking liberal Anglicans, their definition of ‘Reformed’ is reforming according to the whims of culture that is nowhere near what Christianity is, let alone Anglican. In this case, the word ‘reformed’ is used flippantly without any care of what it actually means and entails. This perhaps springs from an attempt to redefine a term (which is cunning), or genuine ignorance of what ‘Reformed’ means.

It is ironic and sad that one has to explain and defend theidentity of Anglicanism as a Reformed entity today because this was never an issue back in the 16th century and few hundred years after Anglicanism was established. Being part of the CofE back then was being part a Reformed church with all its theology and practice. Being Anglican was being Reformed. However, due to the muddied and obscured natureof the word ‘Reformed’ as it is used today, I shall try to explain what it means to be a Reformed Anglican. By no means that I’m putting myself as an authority, nor do I pretend I am an expert, but all I’m doing here is to share my readings and research on this issue.

So, here are 3 things that define one as a Reformed Anglican:

𝟭. 𝗥𝗲𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗲𝗱 𝗔𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗶𝘀 𝗥𝗲𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹

This is rather obvious. Reformed Anglican is Reformational. That means to say that they found their root in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. They identify their theology and practices in the English Reformers like Archbishop Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley and Hugh Latimer, as well as other magisterial reformers like Martin Luther, John Calvin,Ulrich Zwingli, Martin Bucer, Heinrich Bullinger, Philip Melanchthon and Peter Martyr Vermigli. Of course these roots go all the way back to the patristic era as these reformers were experts on the church fathers. They did not seek to recreate the church, but to reform it. In that sense,Anglicanism is part of the catholic and apostolic church. 参考：祁伯尔《历史的轨迹》第28章<英国教会的改革>

Being Reformational also means that they identify with all the 5 pillars of the Reformation: sola scriptura, sola gratia,sola fide, solus christus, and soli deo gloria. They put Scripture as the ultimate and infallible authority in faith and practice as opposed to reason, tradition and the Roman Magisterium; faith alone for salvation as opposed to faith + works; Christ alone as the mediator between God and man as opposed to Mary and all the other saints; grace alone as opposed to human effort; for the glory of God alone as opposed to the glory of God + the church. 参考：简要解释“五个唯独”

𝟮. 𝗥𝗲𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗲𝗱 𝗔𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗶𝘀 𝗖𝗮𝗹𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰

Another characteristic of a Reformed Anglican is being Calvinistic. That means to say that Reformed Anglicans identify themselves with the teaching of John Calvin, a 16th century reformer particularly in the area of soteriology (doctrine of salvation) and the theology of the Lord’s Supper.

• 𝙎𝙤𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙤𝙡𝙤𝙜𝙮

In this area, Reformed Anglican subscribes to the doctrines of grace as espoused by the Synod of Dort in 1619. It is also known as the 5 points of Calvinism summarised by the acronym T.U.L.I.P. (total depravity, unconditional election,limited atonement, irresistible grace, and perseverance of the saints). Reformed Anglicanism believe in total sovereignty of God in salvation, and that salvation is all by the grace of God from beginning to the end. Because Calvinism found its root in Augustinian soteriology (which itself found its root in the Bible), therefore a Reformed Anglican is Augustinian/Calvinistic as opposed to being a Pelagian, Semi–Pelagian or Arminian in their soteriology. 参考：加尔文主义五要点回击阿米念异端

• 𝙇𝙤𝙧𝙙’𝙨 𝙎𝙪𝙥𝙥𝙚𝙧

In 1550, the chief architect of the English reformation,Archbishop Thomas Cranmer, published a book called ‘𝘈 𝘋𝘦𝘧𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘛𝘳𝘶𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘊𝘢𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘭𝘪𝘤𝘬 𝘋𝘰𝘤𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘚𝘢𝘤𝘳𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘉𝘰𝘥𝘺 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘉𝘭𝘰𝘰𝘥 𝘰𝘧 𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘚𝘢𝘷𝘪𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘊𝘩𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘵‘. This book is apolemic against the Roman Catholic’s doctrine oftransubstantiation. In this book, Cranmer espoused a Reformed doctrine of the Lord’s Supper similar to that of John Calvin—a true spiritual presence of Christ by the Spirit in the hearts of believers who partake in faith. The similarity in this area can be seen also in Calvin’s Genevan Catechism.This theology of the Lord’s Supper then was reflected in the Holy Communion service in 1662 Book of Common Prayer.Not only this work by Cranmer was a polemic against Roman Catholic’s transubstantiation, but also a rejection of Martin Luther’s consubstantiation—both taught that Christ is physically present in the elements—and Zwingli’s mere memorial.参考：圣餐是奥秘——附雷德利主教论圣餐；大公教会对洗礼与圣餐礼的论述

𝟯. 𝗥𝗲𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗲𝗱 𝗔𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗶𝘀 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗳𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹

As the other two characteristics mentioned above are embodied in the 39 Articles of Religion—the official confessional document of Anglicanism—thus Reformed Anglicans believe and uphold the teachings contained in it. That also means they believe and uphold other official documents that express these teachings: The 1662 Book of Common Prayer, The Ordinal and the Book of Homilies, all of which, together with the 39 Articles, constitute the Anglican Formularies. That means, Reformed Anglican won’t believe and teach anything contrary to the Formularies. As for Reformed Anglican clergy, they take their ordination oath of upholding the teaching of Anglicanism very seriously, as compared toclergy from the Anglo-Catholic or liberal traditions. 参考：从“浸派鼻子插大葱”现象简谈如何判断宗派

As can be seen above, the word ‘Reformed’ has a very specific historical meaning. Trying to redefine the word or using itignorantly without knowing what it means and entails areunhelpful. One cannot claim to be Reformed but do notbelieve any Reformational teachings as mentioned above.

关于安立甘宗（Anglicanism）的文章推荐：

① 介绍《公祷书》；为什么用公祷书和礼节？

② 安立甘宗历史；英格兰宗教改革

③ 约翰·多恩、温和加尔文派与激进加尔文派

⑨ 持续安立甘运动离开自由化“普世安立甘”

何奇伟翻译《三十九条信纲》（Thirty-Nine Articles）：

第1至5条：《三十九条信纲》——上帝论、基督论、圣灵论；